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Commonly used terms in the Electrical industry.

air core transformer

two or more coils placed so that they are linked by the same flux with an air core. With an air core the flux is not confined.

air terminal

a lightning rod; any device which extends upward into the air from a structure for purposes of lightning protection.

air-blast circuit breaker

a circuit breaker in which the arc which forms between the contacts on opening is extinguished with a blast of high-pressure air.

air-gap line

the line that is obtained by continuing the linear portion of the saturation curve of a synchronous machine or a DC machine. The figure shows a plot of generated voltage vs. field current at constant machine speed. Initially, an increase in field current yields a linear increase in the generated voltage, but as the iron becomes saturated, the voltage rolls off. The air-gap line gives the voltage that would be obtained without saturation.

air-gap voltage

the internal voltage of a synchronous machine that is generated by the air gap flux. Also referred to as the voltage behind leakage reactance.

alley arm

a crossarm meant for use in an alleyway or other confined area in which poles must be placed close to buildings.

See crossarm

alternating current (AC)

a periodic current the average value of which over a period is zero.

alternating current machine

an electromechanical system that either converts alternating current electrical power into mechanical power (AC motor), or converts mechanical power into alternating current electrical power (AC generator, or alternator). Some AC machines are designed to perform either of these functions, depending on the energy source to the dynamo.

alternator-rectifier exciter

a source of field current of a synchronous machine derived from the rectified output voltage of an alternator. The components of the exciter consist of the alternator and the power rectifier (including possible gate circuitry), exclusive of all input control elements. The rectifier circuits may be stationary, or rotate with the alternator, which may be driven by a motor, prime mover, or by the shaft of the synchronous machine.

ambient field

the background magnetic field level existing in the environment, without contribution from specific magnetic field sources.